SMANJENJE NEGATIVNOG UTICAJA NA OKOLIŠ PRIMJENOM DVOSTEPENE REAKCIJE U PROIZVODNJI 1,5-DINITROKSI-3- NITRAZA PENTANA(DINA) / THE REDUCTION OF THE NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY THE APPLICATION OF TWO-STEP REACTION IN THE PRODUCTION OF 1,5-DINITROXY-3-NITRATE PENTHAN (DINA)

Abstract

1,5-Dinitroxy-3-nitrosine pentane (hereinafter: DINA) belongs to the class of active nitroplasticizers, which recently have been partially or completely replaced in the gunpowder mixtures with nitroglycerin. Previously, a method for laboratory synthesis of DINA was described, which involved the reaction of diethanolamine and nitric acid, and then dehydration of intermediate 1,5-dinitroxy-3-aza pentane nitrate. Following this procedure, several hundred kilograms of DINA were produced and incorporated into the gunpowder mixtures and showed good and expected results. Until today, DINA has been manufactured in the world in two ways. The first method is a one-stage process where, at one stage of the reaction, diethanolamine is nitrated and rewarded 1,5-dinitroxy-3- aza pentane nitrate is dehydrated into DINA. This is being achieved by simultaneous dosing of nitric acid with diethanolamine and acetic anhydride. The second method is a two step process where, in the first phase,the reaction between diethanolamine and nitric acid generates a so-called 1,5-dinitroxy-3- aza pentane which is dehydrated in a particular reaction stage into DINA with the help of acetic anhydride and the presence of suitable catalysts. As already mentioned, we decided to take the procedure for the production of DINA based on a two-stage reaction, that is, the reaction of diethanolamine and nitric acid as the first phase and dehydration as the second phase of the reaction.