IZAZOVI I MOGUĆNOSTI PRIMJENE IoT-A I UMJETNE INTELIGENCIJE U OPTIMIZACIJI MOBILNOSTI I ZELENOJ TRANZICIJI SISTEMA UPRAVLJANJA GOTOVIM NOVCEM U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI / CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF IOT AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATION IN MOBILITY OPTIMIZATION AND GREEN TRANSITION OF CASH MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Abstract

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, cash transactions still play a key role in payment transactions, despite the growth of card transactions (the value of card transactions reached 21.1 billion KM in 2025, with a growth rate of 14.53 %, according to the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina). The logistics of cash in the ATM network traditionally relies on historical averages and reactive replenishment planning, resulting in unnecessary cash-in-transit (CIT) trips, increased CO₂ emissions, urban congestion, and high operational costs. The paper investigates the challenges and opportunities of applying Internet of Things (IoT) sensors for real-time cash level monitoring and artificial intelligence (AI) for demand forecasting and dynamic CIT vehicle route planning. These technologies, combined with cash-recycling ATMs, enable a reduction in the number of visits by 25–50 %, optimization of cash stocks, and local cash recirculation. Based on the “Green Cash Logistics” concept, the paper analyzes international examples that demonstrate reductions in CO₂ emissions and costs of up to 30–40 %. In the context of BiH, key challenges include limited charging infrastructure, high investment costs, and cybersecurity risks. The implementation of IoT and AI directly contributes to sustainable mobility (fewer trips and congestion, SDG 11) and the green transition (emission reductions, SDG 13), accelerating BiH's alignment with EU Green Deal standards.