IZAZOVI NOVIH TEHNOLOGIJA U FUNKCIJI MOBILNOSTI I ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA/ CHALLENGES OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FUNCTION OF MOBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Mobility as a key segment of modern economic systems is undergoing intense transformations under the influence of digitization, automation and the demands of sustainable development. In the conditions of globalization and growth of commodity flows, the efficiency of transport and logistics systems becomes one of the key factors in the competitiveness of national economies. A special challenge is the area of ​​Bosnia and Herzegovina and the so-called Western Balkans, where the dominance of road transport (over 94% of goods flows), along with the lack of an integrated development strategy in the past two decades, significantly limits the development of mobility. The aim of the paper is to review the role of new technologies in the function of improving mobility and sustainable development, with a special focus on digital tools such as eCMR, eCEMT and NCTS systems. The research is based on a comparative consideration of key operational indicators, including waiting time at border crossings, detention costs and the level of digital integration, with a comparison with European Union practices. The results indicate that the retention times in the area of ​​the so-called in the Western Balkans many times longer than in the EU, with significant direct and indirect costs that affect the competitiveness of transport operators. The key contribution of the paper is reflected in the quantification of operational losses and the definition of guidelines for the systemic and sustainable development of mobility in the region.