MEĐUNARODNE KONVENCIJE U REGULACIJI PREKOGRANIČNOG ZAGAĐIVANJA U FUNKCIJI ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA

Abstract

Sulfur emissions, transboundary pollution, and the presence of heavy metals and organic pollutants represent a significant challenge for environmental protection at the global level. Sulfur oxides, mainly produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, contribute to the formation of acid rain, which has harmful effects on ecosystems, soil and water resources, often crossing national borders through atmospheric currents. Transboundary pollution further complicates the problem because it requires coordinated international cooperation and legal mechanisms for its mitigation. Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury and cadmium, as well as persistent organic pollutants, are characterized by their long-term persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation and toxic effects on living organisms. Their spread through air, water and soil leads to contamination at great distances from the emission source. In order to solve these problems, a number of international conventions and protocols have been developed that establish obligations and measures to reduce emissions to control emissions. The effective implementation of these instruments depends on the cooperation of ratifying states, the application of modern technologies and continuous monitoring of the state of the environment.